WASHINGTON (AP) 鈥� For generations, official American documents have been meticulously preserved and protected 鈥� from the era of quills and parchment to boxes of paper to the cloud, safeguarding snapshots of the government and the nation for posterity.
Now, the Trump administration has sought to expand the executive branch鈥檚 power to shield from public view key administration initiatives. Officials have used apps like Signal that can auto-delete messages containing sensitive information rather than retaining them for record-keeping. And they have shaken up the National Archives leadership.
To historians and archivists, it points to the possibility that President will leave less for the nation鈥檚 historical record than nearly any president before him.
Such an eventuality creates a conundrum: How will experts 鈥� and even ordinary Americans 鈥� piece together what occurred when those charged with setting aside the artifacts properly documenting history refuse to do so?
How to preserve history?
The Trump administration says it鈥檚 the 鈥渕ost transparent in history,鈥� citing the president鈥檚 fondness for taking questions from reporters nearly every day. But flooding the airwaves, media outlets and the internet with all things Trump isn鈥檛 the same as keeping records that document the inner workings of an administration, historians caution.
鈥淗e thinks he controls history,鈥� says Timothy Naftali, a presidential historian who served as founding director of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. 鈥淗e wants to control what Americans ultimately find out about the truth of his administration, and that鈥檚 dangerous.鈥�
Trump long refused to release his tax returns despite every other major White House candidate and president having done so since Jimmy Carter. And, today, White House stenographers still record every word Trump utters, but many of their transcriptions are languishing in the White House press office without authorization for release 鈥� meaning no official record of what the president says for weeks, if at all.
鈥淵ou want to have a record because that鈥檚 how you ensure accountability,鈥� said Lindsay Chervinsky, executive director of the George Washington Presidential Library in Mount Vernon, Virginia.
The law mandates maintaining records
The Presidential Records Act of 1978 mandates the preservation, forever, of White House and vice presidential documents and communications. It deems them the property of the U.S. government and directs the National Archives and Records Administration to administer them after a president鈥檚 term.
After his first term, rather than turn classified documents over the National Archives, Trump to his Florida estate, Mar-a-Lago, where they ended piled in his bedroom, a ballroom and even a bathroom and shower. The FBI to recover them. The case .
Trudy Huskamp Peterson, who served as acting archivist of the United States from 1993 to 1995, said keeping such records for the public is important because 鈥渄ecision-making always involves conflicting views, and it鈥檚 really important to get that internal documentation to see what the arguments were.鈥�
Presidential clashes with archivists predate Trump
President George H.W. Bush鈥檚 administration destroyed some informal notes, visitor logs and emails. After President Bill Clinton left office, his former national security adviser, Sandy Berger, pleaded guilty to taking copies of a document about terrorist threats from the National Archives.
President George W. Bush鈥檚 administration disabled automatic archiving for some official emails, encouraged some staffers to use private email accounts outside their work addresses and lost 22 million emails that were supposed to have been archived, though they were eventually uncovered in 2009.
Congress updated the Presidential Records Act in 2014 to encompass electronic messaging 鈥� including commercial email services known to be used by government employees to conduct official business.
But back then, use of auto-delete apps like Signal was far less common.
鈥淚t鈥檚 far easier to copy 鈥� or forward 鈥� a commercial email to a dot-gov address to be preserved, than it is to screenshot a series of messages on an app like Signal,鈥� said Jason R. Baron, a professor at the University of Maryland and former director of litigation at the National Archives.
Relying on 鈥檃n honor system鈥�
There were efforts during the first Trump administration to safeguard transparency, including a memo issued through the Office of White House counsel Don McGahn in February 2017 that reminded White House personnel of the necessity to preserve and maintain presidential records.
The White House now points to having recently ordered the declassification of bevies of historical files, including records related to the assassinations of Kennedy, his brother Robert and Martin Luther King Jr.
The Trump administration says it also ended a Biden policy that allowed staffers to use Microsoft Teams, where chats weren鈥檛 captured by White House systems. The Biden administration had over 800 users on Teams, meaning an unknown number of presidential records might have been lost, the Trump administration now says.
But the White House did not answer questions about the possibly of drafting a new memo on record retention like McGahn鈥檚 from 2017.
Chervinsky, author of "The Cabinet: George Washington and the Creation of an American Institution, said Congress, the courts and even the public often don鈥檛 have the bandwidth to ensure records retention laws are enforced, meaning, 鈥淎 lot of it is still, I think, an honor system.鈥�
鈥淭here aren鈥檛 that many people who are practicing oversight,鈥� she said. 鈥淪o, a lot of it does require people acting in good faith and using the operating systems that they鈥檙e supposed to use, and using the filing systems they鈥檙e supposed to use.鈥�
Angered by the role the National Archives played in his documents case, meanwhile, Trump , Archivist of the United States Colleen Shogan, and named Secretary of State as her acting replacement.
Peterson, the former acting national archivist, said she still believes key information about the Trump administration will eventually emerge, but 鈥淚 don鈥檛 know how soon.鈥�
鈥淯ltimately things come out,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 just the way the world works.鈥�
Will Weissert, The Associated Press
