JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) 鈥� Republican-led states are accelerating efforts to stamp out diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives, expanding from higher education to other government functions since President Donald Trump fully embraced the movement.
Governors and lawmakers this year have about doubled last year's , which had roughly doubled those of 2023, according to an Associated Press analysis aided by .
The surge comes as Trump's executive orders initiatives ripple through the federal government, despite .
"The federal attacks on diversity, equity and inclusion from the Trump administration have further cleared the path for conservative state legislators,鈥� said Shaun Harper, a professor of education, business and public policy at the University of Southern California who founded the National DEI Defense Coalition.
鈥淲e are seeing the multiplication of the anti-DEI effort literally everywhere,鈥� Harper added.
Details vary by state, but many efforts contain at least some aspects of outlined two years ago by a pair of conservative think tanks. The legislative model promoted by the Manhattan Institute and the Goldwater Institute focused on higher education, seeking to abolish DEI offices and staff, end mandatory diversity training, ban compulsory diversity statements and outlaw racial or sexual preferences in hiring and admissions.
Now Republican-led states are using the same model to prohibit DEI initiatives in state and local governments.
鈥淒espite the Trump administration taking action, the states cannot rely on the federal government to root out DEI for them,鈥� said Timothy Minella, senior fellow at the Goldwater Institute.
What are DEI initiatives trying to address?
Efforts to promote diversity, equity and inclusion have existed for years in higher education institutions, businesses and government bureaucracies. Supporters say such initiatives benefit everyone by helping people navigate diverse societies and understand people's differing viewpoints and experiences. Their goal is to promote student bodies and workplaces where everyone feels valued.
That is why some DEI offices have tailored services to people of particular races, genders, sexual orientations and cultures and disabilities. Some institutions also have factored in equity goals when admitting students, providing scholarships or making employment decisions, to try to reflect society at large.
Findings in by show that while 鈥淒EI鈥� has become a politically toxic term for many Americans, some components of DEI programs have much less opposition.
The poll found about 4 in 10 Americans 鈥渟trongly鈥� or 鈥渟omewhat鈥� favor DEI programs in colleges and universities, while about 3 in 10 oppose those initiatives and about 3 in 10 are neutral.
Support is higher for courses on racism and scholarships for students of color, among other services designed to help .
required diversity and equity goals in various government programs.
Trump has reversed those efforts, denouncing DEI policies as a form of discrimination that threatens merit-based decision-making. The Republican roll-back gained momentum after the Supreme Court in 2023 struck down racial in college admissions. With Trump's return to the presidency, a growing number of businesses have .
How are the new state laws defining DEI?
There is no universal definition about what鈥檚 covered by those initiatives. But most state laws and gubernatorial orders focus on initiatives related to race, ethnicity, gender or sex.
Some measures, such bills passed in Oklahoma and Wyoming, further narrow their definition of DEI activities to those that grant preferential or differential treatment of individuals based on such factors.
The state measures don鈥檛 typically mention people with disabilities, military veterans or those from lower-income households, even though they might also be included in an institution's equity efforts, said Paulette Granberry Russell, president of the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education.
鈥淒iversity, equity and inclusion efforts extends well beyond race, gender and sexuality, but it has been framed in ways that targets those populations and demonize those populations,鈥� she said.
Some workers targeted by Trump鈥檚 anti-DEI measures claim they are being used to justify firing people who happen to be minorities and women. One alleges that Trump鈥檚 anti-DEI executive orders discriminate against employees who aren鈥檛 white men.
Where are DEI efforts being targeted?
Limits on DEI initiatives in higher education recently approved by legislatures in Missouri and Oklahoma raise the total number of similar state laws and gubernatorial orders to two dozen since 2023. That includes in Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, West Virginia and Wyoming. More are under consideration in additional states.
The Missouri measures show the growth of the movement. A provision limiting DEI in higher education got left out of the state budget last year. But it got included this year after new Republican Gov. Mike Kehoe issued an order barring executive agencies from using state funds on DEI positions and activities.
, West Virginia and Wyoming target DEI initiatives in state and local governments as well as higher education.
What have governors been doing?
More governors are issuing directives now.
On his first day in office in West Virginia in January, Republican an end to DEI staff positions and activities that grant preferential treatment based on race, ethnicity or sex in executive departments and state-funded institutions. On his second day, Republican Indiana Gov. Mike Braun issued a similar order. Kehoe's anti-DEI order came in his second month as Missouri governor.
in 2023 to legislate against spending on DEI programs in higher education. Republican Gov. Greg Abbott expanded upon that this year, ordering all state agencies to 鈥渃omply with the color-blind guarantee鈥� of the U.S. and state constitutions. His executive order described DEI concepts as 鈥渂latant efforts to divide people鈥� with 鈥渘ew forms of racism.鈥�
What's next in the anti-DEI crosshairs?
A new Idaho law signed by Republican Gov. Brad Little not only bans DEI offices and programs in higher education but also addresses what's taught in the classroom. It prohibits colleges and universities from requiring students to take DEI-related courses to meet graduation requirements, unless they're pursuing degrees in race or gender studies.
It's the first such law nationally, according to the Goldwater Institute, which teamed up with Speech First to develop a model they describe as the 鈥淔reedom from Indoctrination Act.鈥� DEI opponents are hoping more states will soon follow.
鈥淥ur goal is to get rid of the DEI mandates for general education and programs in order to get a degree," Minella said.
David A. Lieb, The Associated Press
